computer history

Second generation

In 1948, the discovery of transistor greatly affect the development of the computer. Replace the transistor Tube vacuum in television, radio, and computers. As a result, the size of electrical machinery decreased drastically.

Transistor used in starting the computer started in 1956. The discovery of another form of the development of magnetic-core memory to help the development of second generation computer that is smaller, faster, more reliable, and more energy efficient than its predecessor. The first machines that use this new technology is superkomputer. IBM makes superkomputer called stretch, and Sprery-Rand makes computer called LARC. Komputerkomputer this, the laboratory developed for atomic energy, can handle large amounts of data, a capability that is needed by researchers atoms. These machines are expensive and tend to be too complex for business computing needs, so the limit kepopulerannya. There are only two LARC, which had installed and used: one at the Lawrence Radiation Labs in Livermore, California, and the other in the U.S. Navy Research and Development Center in Washington DC Replace the second-generation computer language with the engine assembly language. Assembly language is the language using abbreviations-singakatan to replace the binary code.

In the early 1960s, the computer begins to appear that the second generation of success in business, in universities and in government. Computer-generation computer is a second computer to use fully the transistor. They also have components that can be associated with the computer at this time: a printer, disk storage in, memory, operating system and programs.

One important example of a computer at the time this is the IBM 1401 which is widely accepted in the industry. In 1965, almost all big business is using the second generation of computers to process financial information.

Programs that are stored in the computer and programming language that provides the flexibility to the computer. This increased flexibility with the performance of the price reasonable for business use. With this concept, the machine can print the invoice of purchase and run consumers and design products or calculate the payroll. Some programming language begins to appear at that time. Programming language Common Business-Oriented Language (COBOL) and the Formula Translator (FORTRAN) from general use. Programming language is the engine that replaces the code with complicated words, sentences, and math formula that is more easily understood by humans. It is easy to program and a computer set. Various new pop career (programmer, Analyst, experts and computer systems). The software industry also began to appear and grow in the second generation of this computer.